It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. They have 2n 20 as an ancestral chromosome number and most arachis species have 2n 2x 20 chromosomes, but a. Sweet potato sixteenth century peanut butter arachis hypogaea caribbean basin. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources of resistance to groundnut rust puccinia arachidis speg. Arachis hypogaea noun the noun arachis hypogaea has 1 sense 1. The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober us, or monkey nut uk, and taxonomically classified as arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. Arachis hypogaea by marilyn nelson poetry foundation.
It typically grows in a single season to 1020 tall and as wide. Genomic characterisation of arachis porphyrocalyx valls. It somewhat resembles in appearance a small sweet pea bush. Arachis hypogaea, or goober, an annual preferring warmth and sun, is an attractive plant, resembling clover. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources of. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Arachis synonyms, arachis pronunciation, arachis translation, english dictionary definition of arachis.
Dictionary entry details arachis hypogaea noun sense 1. At least one species, the peanut arachis hypogaea, is a major food crop species of global importance. Download scientific diagram 3 centers of origin and diversity of arachis hypogaea in south america, i. Native to tropical south america, the peanut was at an early time introduced to the old world tropics.
Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family fabaceae, native to south america, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic pterocarpus clade of the dalbergieae. Peanut, arachis hypogaea, was domesticated at the foot of the south american andes within modernday argentina, bolivia, or paraguay. They are grown throughout the tropics and subtropics, but are most important in asia and africa. Arachis hypogaea article about arachis hypogaea by the free. Search form sgsv seedvault seed portal of the svalbard global. The peanut is only one of a few hundred species of legumes that produces flowers above ground but develops the fruit below ground. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Evaluating two different models of peanuts origin nature. China is the worlds largest peanut producer, contributing. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. A plant species of the family fabaceae that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins. The natural occurrence of the genus arachis is limited to five countries, i.
Nelson spent much of her youth living on different military bases and began writing poetry in. Reproduced from the series plant resources of southeast asia, vols 120 19892000, by kind permission of the prosea foundation, bogor, indonesia. Ang arachis hypogaea sakop sa kahenera nga arachis sa kabanay nga fabaceae. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams.
Final report on the safety assessment of peanut arachis hypogaea oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, peanut acid, peanut glycerides, and peanut arachis hypogaea flour. Cultivated forms were first developed and selected in south america, and the crop is now grown in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide, including parts of the mediterranean region and near east. Arachis hypogaea, arachis, sierra leone, sle, sierra leone, peanut, details. Final report on the safety assessment of peanut arachis. Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family, native to south america, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic pterocarpus clade of the dalbergieae. Genome of an allotetraploid wild peanut arachis monticola. Arachis hypogaea etymology edit coined by linnaeus as an alteration of ancient greek arakhos, an alternative form of arakos, chickling vetch. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. However, recently we proposed that this cultigen arose through bilateral sexual polyploidization as the mechanism of origin for this cultigen seijo et al. Cultivated peanuts are allotetraploids, with subgenomes probably contributed by the hybridization of the diploid species arachis duranensis and arachis ipaensis. It is one of natures most nutritious seeds and one of the worlds most popular and universal crops, cultivated in nearly 100 countries in all six continents. An overview on arachis hypogaea plant international journal of. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Peanut arachis hypogaea is mainly grown for oil extraction and the remaining oilfree seed referred as peanut meal pm leaves with high protein content which can be a possible substitute for.
Peanut arachis hypogaea oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of arachis hypogaea. Cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea is an allotetraploid crop planted in asia, africa, and america for edible oil and protein. Arachis hypogaea by marilyn nelson about this poet marilyn nelson was born in cleveland, ohio, into a military family. Arachis hypogea peanut, groundnut, an annual oil seed belonging to the leguminosae family and the papillionacea subfamily, is a legume. Peanut flour is a powder obtained by the grinding of peanuts. Arachis hypogaea peanut lis legume information system. It is primarily grown as an agricultural crop for harvest of peanuts which have become a favorite food consumed world. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Like many other crops, the cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea l. Providers nzflora provider contribution summary biostatus geo schema political region geo region new zealand occurrence sometimes present origin exotic.
Arachis hypogea can grow in a wide range of climatic conditions. Origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources. The origin and history of the groundnut springerlink. Cultivated peanut, arachis hypogaea, is an allotetraploid 2n4x40 that contains two complete genomes, labeled the a and b genomes. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. Arachis hypogea peanut, groundnut, an annual oil seed belonging to the leguminosae family and the papillionacea subfamily, is a legume native to south america but now grown in diverse environments in six continents between latitudes 40 degrees n and 40 degrees s. Arachis hipogea article about arachis hipogea by the free. Arachis definition of arachis by the free dictionary. Arachis hypogaea, is usually accepted to have arisen via hybridization and further chromosome doubling. The center of origin of groundnut is northeastern nigeria and northern cameroon. A study of the relationships of cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers.
Jul 08, 2018 yerde bile yetisebilen muhtesem bitki. The taxonomy of the genus is not well delineated and the grouping of species into seven sections is only tentative. It is found in the wild from central nigeria eastwards to southern sudan and is now cultivated throughout tropical africa and to a lesser extent in tropical parts of the americas, asia and australia. The headwaters of the paraguay river in the region of mato grosso is considered to be the center of origin of the genus. We annotated 39 888 asubgenome genes and 41 526 bsubgenome. General information about arachis hypogaea arhhy argentina, bolivia. Hydrogenated peanut oil, peanut acid, and peanut glycerides are all derived from peanut oil. The root system consists of a welldeveloped taproot with many lateral roots, up to 5cm deep, but generally restricted to the upper layers of the soil. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Arachis hypogaea peanut oil is a refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of one ormore of the cultivated varieties of arachis hypogaea functions. Macrofossil and starch grain data show peanuts moved into the zana valley in northern peru 8500 years ago, presumably from the eastern side of the andes mountains, although the hulls found there do not have similar characteristics to modern domestic peanuts. The seeds are a nutritionally dense food, rich in protein and fat. Arachis hipogea article about arachis hipogea by the.
Peanuts blanched splits cmc commodity marketing company. Almost certainly, peanut cultivation antedated this at the center of origin where the climate is moister. May 11, 2020 a study of the relationships of cultivated peanut arachis hypogaea and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial produce. This is maintained at griffin, ga and is in the germplasm information resource network grin as pi 644011. Widely cultivated american plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions. Peanuts or groundnuts arachis hypogaea originate from south america but are now a major food crop world wide, with an annual production of around 38 million tonnes. Arachis hypogaea synonyms, arachis hypogaea pronunciation, arachis hypogaea translation, english dictionary definition of arachis hypogaea.
Peanut oil organic groundnut oil arachis oil nature. Pdf origin, distribution, and taxonomy of arachis and sources of. Pronunciation of arachis hypogaea with 2 audio pronunciations, 4 synonyms, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more for arachis hypogaea. Arachis hypogaea was believed to be originated from a single hybridization. An arachis hypogaea in nahilalakip ha genus nga arachis, ngan familia nga fabaceae. Arachis hypogaea cv tifrunner is a common cultivar of a. Arachis hypogaea is an annual plant with erect or prostrate stems up to 70cm long.
A low, branching, selfpollinated annual legume cultivated for its edible seed, which is a oneloculed legume formed beneath the soil in a pod. Section arachis is of particular interest because it contains 30 diploid wild species, one tetraploid wild species a. Peanut, arachis hypogaea, legume of the pea family fabaceae, grown for its edible seeds. Arachis hypogaea article about arachis hypogaea by the. The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober us, or monkey nut uk, and taxonomically classified as arachis hypogaea, is a. The origin, variability and spread of the groundnut arachis hypogaea, translation by j. No authors listed peanut arachis hypogaea oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernels of arachis hypogaea. Origin and early history of the peanut sciencedirect. Arachis hypogaea definition of arachis hypogaea by the free. Within the papilionoid legumes, peanut belongs to the dalbergioids, a clade separated from most other economically important legumes. Cultivated peanuts are allotetraploids, with subgenomes probably contributed by the hybridization of the diploid species arachis duranensis and arachis ipaensis see selected genetic maps, qtls, traits, and genome sequences at peanutbase. Smartt in the domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, eds p.
Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut, is an herbaceous perennial that is raised as an annual. The oils and glycerides function in cosmetic formulations as skinconditioning agents. Arachis hypogaea widely cultivated american plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions. Arachis hypogaea arhhyoverview eppo global database. Sequencing of cultivated peanut, arachis hypogaea, yields.
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